13th International Conference on Fracture June 16–21, 2013, Beijing, China -10- 0.7 for DECP). On the other hand, generally, a deep crack is not sensitive to the variation of the λ value, except in the case of DECP. For example, for SECP, with λ value increasing from 0.5 to 1.0, the trend of A curves for a/W=0.3 (shallow crack) changes from increasing to decreasing (see Figure 4 and Figure 6), while that for a/W=0.7 (deep crack) almost keeps no change (see Figure 5 and Figure 7). Table 5. FEA results for CCP specimen under λ=1.0 a/W 0.1 0.3 σ/σ0 n=3 n=4 n=5 n=7 n=10 σ/σ0 n=3 n=4 n=5 n=7 n=10 0.500 0.89279 0.53665 0.37503 0.24536 0.18130 0.500 0.91158 0.55164 0.38764 0.25670 0.19110 0.750 0.87398 0.52211 0.36309 0.23732 0.17650 0.750 0.90119 0.54687 0.38453 0.25403 0.19075 0.900 0.85974 0.51059 0.35378 0.23024 0.17073 0.900 0.89260 0.53934 0.37876 0.25124 0.18810 1.000 0.84974 0.50165 0.34734 0.22645 0.16867 1.000 0.88388 0.53271 0.37344 0.24757 0.18544 1.200 0.82588 0.48414 0.33109 0.21159 0.15611 1.200 0.86152 0.51500 0.35847 0.23465 0.17641 1.400 0.79886 0.46125 0.31191 0.19430 0.13836 1.300 0.84798 0.50381 0.34851 0.22595 0.16850 1.500 0.78414 0.44974 0.30024 0.18333 0.12928 1.400 0.83435 0.49110 0.33705 0.21513 0.15796 1.700 0.75316 0.42327 0.27812 0.16285 0.10628 1.500 0.81667 0.47705 0.32418 0.20261 0.14473 1.900 0.71719 0.39497 0.25383 0.14332 0.08701 1.600 0.79928 0.46145 0.30956 0.18870 0.12943 2.100 0.67310 0.36392 0.22880 0.12295 0.07116 1.700 0.77977 0.44471 0.29429 0.17382 2.250 0.63545 0.33786 0.20833 0.10738 0.06048 1.800 0.75775 0.42657 0.27752 0.15722 2.300 0.62310 0.32864 0.20185 0.10326 0.05819 1.900 0.73375 0.40695 0.25987 2.400 0.59669 0.30860 0.18622 0.09313 2.000 0.70638 0.38399 0.24039 2.500 0.56789 0.28749 0.17001 0.08243 2.100 0.67493 0.36126 2.200 0.64552 a/W 0.5 0.7 σ/σ0 n=3 n=4 n=5 n=7 n=10 σ/σ0 n=3 n=4 n=5 n=7 n=10 0.150 0.92731 0.56293 0.39591 0.26173 0.19560 0.020 0.91750 0.55434 0.38870 0.25562 0.19002 0.250 0.94008 0.57296 0.40354 0.26788 0.20128 0.050 0.92701 0.56345 0.39655 0.26195 0.19615 0.350 0.95237 0.58435 0.41347 0.27599 0.20909 0.080 0.94209 0.57458 0.40569 0.26987 0.20313 0.450 0.96587 0.59477 0.42278 0.28397 0.21564 0.100 0.95152 0.58162 0.41110 0.27409 0.20682 0.550 0.97609 0.60460 0.43141 0.29068 0.22245 0.120 0.96133 0.58941 0.41727 0.27917 0.21165 0.650 0.98365 0.61287 0.43900 0.29739 0.22770 0.150 0.97688 0.60129 0.42727 0.28709 0.21988 0.750 0.98812 0.61906 0.44531 0.30295 0.23276 0.180 0.99285 0.61442 0.43815 0.29533 0.22757 0.800 0.98985 0.62150 0.44737 0.30518 0.23472 0.200 1.00380 0.62312 0.44522 0.30168 0.23244 0.850 0.99025 0.62319 0.44922 0.30709 0.23698 0.220 1.01481 0.63209 0.45263 0.30755 0.23784 0.900 0.98949 0.62396 0.45041 0.30859 0.23838 0.250 1.03259 0.64629 0.46423 0.31652 0.24565 0.920 0.98942 0.62418 0.45089 0.30906 0.23877 0.270 1.04286 0.65555 0.47222 0.32281 0.25105 0.930 0.98763 0.62363 0.45059 0.30919 0.23914 0.280 1.04963 0.66082 0.47647 0.32620 0.25416 0.940 0.98931 0.62443 0.45123 0.30928 0.23916 0.290 1.05454 0.66546 0.48050 0.32960 0.25676 0.950 0.98723 0.62383 0.45089 0.30952 0.23905 0.300 1.06127 0.67082 0.48454 0.33284 0.25996 1.100 0.98060 0.61937 0.44883 0.30853 0.24025 0.350 1.08686 0.69490 0.50622 0.35042 0.27532 1.200 0.96946 0.61318 0.44308 0.30531 0.23882 0.400 1.11401 0.72094 0.52818 0.36947 0.29217 1.300 0.95729 0.60259 0.43585 0.29999 0.23579 0.450 1.13808 0.74526 0.55133 0.38980 0.31163 1.400 0.93431 0.58766 0.42178 0.28988 0.23386 0.500 1.15667 0.76722 0.57125 0.41117 0.33520 1.450 0.92294 0.57975 0.41574 0.28653 0.22748 0.540 1.17207 0.78207 0.58696 0.42791 0.35614 1.500 0.90961 0.56595 0.40578 0.28015 0.22326 0.570 1.18153 0.79379 0.59996 0.44119 0.37169 1.550 0.89519 0.55579 0.39827 0.27265 0.600 1.18951 0.80087 0.60980 0.45302 0.38818 1.600 0.88749 0.54476 0.39138 0.25768 0.620 1.19964 0.80759 0.61426 0.45920 0.40008 1.650 0.87294 0.650 1.20579 0.81690 0.62560 0.47051 0.41449 0.700 1.21008 0.82964 0.63574 0.48499 0.750 1.21750 0.83818 0.64569 0.49148 As for the effect of hardening exponent (n), with the increase of the biaxial loading ratio λ, decreasing trend of A curves appears earlier (under smaller external loading) or is more significant for cases with smaller n values than that for cases with bigger n values. For example, for DECP, the trend of the A curves for a/W=0.3 changes from increasing to decreasing as λ increases from 0.5 to 1.0 (see Figures 8 and 10 as well as Tables 6 and 7), but the curve for n=3 decreases more quickly than that for n=10 (see Figures 10 and Table 7).
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