ICF10B

Cover	1
Double cohesive zone model and prediction of micro-scratch testing along solid surface - M. Zhao, Y. Wei, J. W. Hutchinson	3
Ductile damage accumulation under cyclic deformations and multiaxial state of stress conditions - N. Bonora, A. Pirondi	9
Ductile damage and crack growth analysis in 3D structures - D. Gross, H. Baaser	15
Ductile fracture analysis of structural steel by application of micromechanical modelling - M. Rakin, Z. Cvijovic, A. Sedmak, M. Zrillic, Z. Putic	21
Ductile fracture in high strength steel weldments - V. Olden, Z. Zhang, C. Thaulow	27
INTRODUCTION	27
THE MODIFIED GURSON MODEL	28
TENSILE TESTING	28
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES	29
RESULTS	29
Base material	29
Weld Metal	30
Heat affected zone	31
EVALUATION OF THE MODEL	32
	32
REFERENCES	32
Ductile rupture of aluminium sheets - J. Brocks, J. Besson, O. Chabanet, D. Steglich	33
Ductile tearing of interacting surface breaking defects - B. Bezensek, J. Hancock	43
ABSTRACT	43
	43
	43
	43
	43
KEYWORDS	43
Dynamic compressive behavior of closed-cell aluminum foams - J. Lankford, A. Nicholls, K. Dannemann	49
N. Sridhar, B. N. Cox, I. J. Beyerlein, R. Masa	55
Slow brittle fracture -- C. J. McMahon Jr	61
ABSTRACT	61
INTRODUCTION	61
EMBRITTLEMENT FROM SURFACE SEGREGATION	62
EMBRITTLEMENT FROM THE ENVIRONMENT	64
SUMMARY	65
References	66
Dynamic fracture and fragmentation brittle spheres subject to double impact test - K. T. Chau, S. Z. Wu, X. X. Wei	67
Dynamic fracture behaviour of composites - S. Ravi, N. G. R. Iyengar, N. N. Kishore, A. Shu	74
Dynamic fracture surface energy values and frustrated micro-branches during RCP in an impact modified polymer - C. Fond, R. Schirrer	79
ABSTRACT	79
INTRODUCTION	79
EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM	80
DYNAMIC ENERGY RELEASE RATE COMPUTATION AND VALUES OF THE FRACTURE SURFACE ENERGY	80
FRACTURE SURFACE ROUGHNESS	82
CONCLUSION	83
REFERENCES	83
Dynamic fracture testing using charpy instrumented pendulum - Z. Radakovic, D. Radakovic, G. B. Lenkey, V. Grabulov, A. Sedmak	84
Dynamic JR curves from instrumented impact test of unprecracked charpy V-notch specimens of austenitic stainless steel - P. R. Sreenivasan, S. K. Ray, S. L. Mannan	90
POSTER REFERENCE: ICF100359PR	90
DYNAMIC JR CURVES FROM INSTRUMENTED IMPACT TEST OF UNPRECRACKED	90
CHARPY V-NOTCH	90
SPECIMENS OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL	90
P. R. Sreenivasan, S. K. Ray and S. L. Mannan	90
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS	94
Dynamic stress intensity factor for unsteady rapid crack propagation - K. Arakawa, T. Mada, K. Takahashi	96
Dynamic tensile strength of PMMA/AL plate butt adhesive joints - H. Wada, S. Kubo, K. Murase, T. C. Kennedy	102
Dynamics of inter-facial crack front propagation - K. J. Maloy, J. Schmittbuhl, A. Delaplace, J. J. Ramasco	108
Effect of aqueous environment and viscid droplet on deformation of spider thread - M. Kitagwa	114
Effect of bridging ligaments upon crack kinking in graded interfaces - M. Hoffman, L. Kidson, C. Deneke	119
Effect of crack orientation and welding process on J-integral values - Q. Li, L. Li, S.-S. Yang, S.-L. Yang, S.-T. Yin	125
Effect of cracking on serviceability of fibrous concrete - T. Ayano, M. A. afa, K. Sakata	131
Effect of electrical field reversal on crack growth behaviour in poled piezoelectric ceramics - G. C. Sih	137
G.C. Sih	137
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University,	137
Bethelehem, PA 18015, USA	137
Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China	137
ABSTRACT	137
Piezoelectric ceramics are prone to cracking because they are inherently brittle, an undesirable character that has limited the use of this class of materials. Much research has been done to understand how electrical and mechanical disturbances could lea	137
Depicted in Fig. 1 is a central crack of length 2a in an infinite body. A remote electric field E and uniform mechanical stress ( are applied such that the macrocrack would extend along the x1-axis while poling is directed in the positive x3-axis. Plane	138
At the continuum scale level, the sharp crack tip is assumed to lie within a macroscopic size core region with radius ro, Fig. 2. Mathematically speaking, the energy density function becomes unbounded as the crack tip is approached or as r ( 0 since	139
Crack growth segments	140
Consider the situation in Fig. 1 where the crack	140
	141
Figure 4: Energy density and crack growth segment variations with positive and negative	141
Effect of fiber coatings on detection of transverse cracks in CFRP composites using FBG sensors - Y. Okabe, N. Tanaka, T. Mitzutani, S. Yashiro, N. Takeda	143
Effect of film plasticizing under multistage ultimate strain - A. A. Myatie-v, G. V. Khil'chenko	148
Effect of foreign object damage on the high cycle fatigue strength of Ti-6Al-4V - S. R. Thompson, J. J. Ruschau, T. Nicholas	154
ABSTRACT	154
KEYWORDS	154
INTRODUCTION	154
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES	155
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS	156
Damage Characterization	156
Leading Edge (LE) Samples	157
Flat Samples	158
Role of Residual Stresses	158
Effect of halogen freeing on fatigue properties of electronics printed plastic board - M. Nakamura, H. Suzuki, T. Matsumoto, T. Ohtsuki	160
ABSTRACT	160
KEYWORDS	160
INTRODUCTION	160
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD	161
EXPERIMENTAL RESULT	162
CONSIDERATION	162
	162
Relationship between crack initiation life and fatigue fracture life	162
material. That is to say, crack initiation life ratio of halogen free materials were 70~75%, and it of halogen materials were 80~90%.	163
Difference of destruction unit area in fracture surface of resin	163
CONCLUSION	165
REFERENCE	165
Effect of humidity on fatigue crack propagation of aluminum alloys - Y. Koboyashi, Y. Ito, K. Kido, K. Ishikawa	167
Effect of impact loading on tensile strength of concretes - M. Daimaruya, H. Kobayashi, H. Shizawa, R. A. Siriegar, Y. Ishihata	173
EFFECT OF IMPACT LOADING ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETES	173
ABSTRACT	173
INTRODUCTION	173
STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION IN A CONCRETE BAR	174
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE SPECIMEN	175
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE AND ARRANGEMENT	175
IMPACT TENSILE STRENGTH AND STRAIN RATES	176
CONCLUDING REMARKS	178
REFERENCES	178
Effect of microstructural change on the R-curve behavior of an alumina matrix composite reinforced with SiC-whiskers - T. Akatsu, Y. Tanabe, E. Yasuda	179
Effect of microstructural degradation on crack tip stress fields in two-phase single crystals - E. P. Busso, N. P. O'Dowd, S. Dumoulin, D. Allen	185
Effect of nanotexturing on interfacial adhesion in MEMS - M. P. de Boer	191
Effect of notch sharpness and cold expansion on the fatigue crack arrest - R. Ghfiri, A. Amrouche, A. Imad	197
Effect of predeformation on fatigue life - experimental characterisation and description by means of a new parameter - H.-J. Christ, K. Schoeler	203
Effect of reinforcing particle morphology on the tensile response of 6061/SiC/25p discontinuously-reinforced aluminum - J. E. Spowart, D. B. Miracle	209
Effect of residual stress on fatigue strength of steel modified by WPC process - D. Yonekura, H. Akebono, J. Komotori, M. Shimizu, H. Shimizu	215
Effect of surface crack geometry on the fatigue life of a high strength low alloy steel - A. Giassone, F. A. Darwish, M. V. Pereira, .A C. Vidal, A. R. Martins	220
ABSTRACT	220
	220
	220
	220
KEYWORDS	220
INTRODUCTION	220
FATIGUE LIMIT	221
STRESS CALCULATION	221
	222
NON PROPAGATING CRACKS	222
CRACK GROWTH KINETICS	223
CONCLUDING REMARKS	225
REFERENCES	225
Effect of surface roughness on corrosion response of stainless steel polished by ELID grinding method - J. Nagata, J. Komotori, K. Katahira, H. Ohmori	226
Effect of test rate on tensile strength of various continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites at elevated temperatures - S. R. Choi, J. P. Gyekenyesi	232
Effect of the notch shape and the presence of a circular void in front of a circular notch on the failure mode transition speed in an impact loaded plate - R. C. Batra, N. A. Jaber, M. E. Malsbury	238
Effect of the size of surface defects on the fatigue strength of shot peened springs - B. Vargas-Arista, J. L. Gonzalez, J. M. Hallen, A. J. McEvily	244
ABSTRACT	244
Effect of thermal exposure of the fracture toughness of several high temperature adhesive systems - D. Rhymer, S. Johnson	245
Effective mode-II stress intesity factor for partially opened natural cracks under mixed-mode loading - T. Fett	251
Effects of constraint and grain size on ductility and toughness in Ti Alloys - S. Kanamori, E. Abe, T. Tagawa, T. Miyata	257
Effects of dynamic strain ageing in J-R fracture resistance of SA516-Gr.70 piping steels - J. H. Yoon, B. S. Lee, J. H. Hong	263
CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF SA516-Gr.70 STEELS	264
wt.%	264
Material	264
CONCLUSIONS	268
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	268
REFERENCES	268
Effects of heterogeneity on the strength of 3D composites - S. Mahesh, S. Leigh Phoenix, I. J. Beyerlien	270
Effects of noble gas environments on fatigue crack growth in titanium alloys - M. Shimojo, R. Kusama, M. Otsubo, Y. Higo	276
Effects of plastic strain on cleavage fracture predictions in steel - S. R. Bordet, A. D. Karstensen, C. S. Wiesner, D. M. Knowles	281
Effects of static stress on anodic polarization behavior of Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe alloy - N. Hyakutake, M. Takagaki, J. Komotori, A. Ogawa, K. Minakawa	288
ABSTRACT	288
KEYWORDS	288
1. INTRODUCTION	289
2. EXPERIMENTAL	289
2.1. Materials	289
2.2. Corrosion test	289
3. RESULTS	290
3.1. Anodic polarization curve of the specimen without an applied stress	290
3.2. Anodic polarization curves of the specimens under applied compressive stresses	290
3.3. Anodic polarization curves of the specimens under applied tensile stresses	290
3.4. Observation	291
4. DISCUSSION	292
5. CONCLUSIONS	293
REFERENCES	293
Effects of stress ratio on striation formation under cyclic loading conditions in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) - C. Ishiyama, K. Kobayashi, T. Asai, Y. Higo	294
EFFECTS OF STRESS RATIO	294
ABSTRACT	294
KEYWORDS	294
MATERIAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES	295
Material	295
Experimental procedure	296
	297
	297
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	297
Effects of T-stress and void nucleation on cohesive zone model predictions for ductile fracture - V. Tvergaard	300
Elastic instability of alloys by hydrogenation: Molecular dynamics study of hydrogen-induced amorphization - M. Katagiri, H. Onodera	305
Electromechanical modeling of unidirectional CFRP composites - Y. Okabe, N. Tanaka, T. Mitzutani, S. Yashiro, N. Takeda	311
Elevated temperature fracture and crack growth in TiAl base intermetallics - B. Dogan	317
DISCUSSION	320
Embrittlement of high strength B-Ti alloys - R. P. Gangloff	323
Energy balance method for predicting cracking in cross-ply laminates during bend deformation - N. McCartney	329
© Crown Copyright	329
INTRODUCTION	329
STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONS	330
REDUCED STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONS FOR CONSTRAINED TRIAXIAL LOADING	331
CONCLUSIONS	334
	334
REFERENCES	334
Environmental effects on crack growth in continuous fiber SiC-composites - C. H. Henager	335
Environmental effects on fracture and sub-critical crack growth evaluation for life time prediction - T. Shoji	341
Environmentally assisted fracture behavior of silicon microelements - K. Komai, K. Minoshima, T. Terada	347
Equilibrium length of a Zener-Barenblatt nanocrack wedged open by a disclination dipole - M. S. Wu	353
Error estimation of shape changes during fatigue crack growth - T. D. Righiniotis	359
ABSTRACT	359
INTRODUCTION	359
ERROR ESTIMATION	360
	360
Semi-elliptical surface crack in a plate under tension	360
Semi-elliptical surface crack in a butt-welded plate under tension	361
Estimation of creep crack growth from circular notched specimen - T. Adachi	365
TEST METHOD	366
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	370
REFERENCES	370
Estimation of dynamic stress intensity factors for beams and cylindrical specimens - S. Y. Kovchyk, V. M. Boyko, I. V. Khodan, I. D. Skrypnyk	371
ESTIMATION OF DYNAMIC STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS	371
ABSTRACT	371
KEYWORDS	371
INTRODUCTION	371
PROBLEM FORMULATION AND SOLVING	372
Estimation of high cycle fatigue limit of hard shot peened austenitic stainless steel - K. Masaki, Y. Ochi, T. Matsumura	377
Evaluation of a brittle fracture accidents that occurred at the Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake - M. Toyosada, K. Gotoh, Y. Watanabe, S. Nakayama	383
Evaluation of bond properties of crack injection repair for concrete structures - K. Rokugo, M. Kunieda, T. Kamada	389
Evaluation of fracture toughness of ceramics/metal functionally graded material by three-point bending test - K. Tohgo, T. Suzuki, H. Araki, H. Ishii	395
Evaluation of high-cycle fatigue life of aluminum cast alloy from meso-level consideration - H. Noguchi, T. Miyazaki	401
Evaluation of stress intensity factors of spot welded joints using meshless method - K. Shimizu, N. Tomioka, A. Okabe	407
Kengo SHIMIZU1, Noboru TOMIOKA2 and Akifumi OKABE3	407
KEYWORDS	407
INTRODUCTION	407
REFERENCES	412
Evaluation of thermal and elastic properties for solid surfaces using transient reflecting grating method - K. Katayama, Q. Shen, A. Harata, T. Sawada	413
Evolution of fracture of steels at a temperature of 4.2 k under the action of electric current pulses - V. A. Strizhalo, L. S. Novogrudsky	418
REFERENCE: ICF 10069PR	418
EVOLUTION OF FRACTURE OF STEELS AT A TEMPERATURE OF 4.2 K AND UNDER THE ACTION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT PULSES	418
V.A. Strizhalo and L.S. Novogrudskii	418
Institute for Problems of Strength of the National Ac. Sci. of Ukraine	418
2 Timiryasevskaya str., Kiev, 01014 Ukraine	418
ABSTRACT	418
Experimental and analytical studies on peeling behaviour and spalling resistance effect of externally bonded continuous fiber sheets - Z. Wu, T. Asakura, H. Yoshizawa, H. Yuan, A. Kobayashi, T. Takahashi	422
KEYWORDS	422
REFERENCES	427
Experimental and finite element analysis of fracture criterion of extra deep drawn steel sheets - D. M. Kulkarni, R. Prakash	428
Experimental failure modes and finite element analysis of lightweight ceramic ablator materials under iosipescu shear testing - S. Nagasawa, K. E. Parmenter, K. Shuman, F. Milstein	434
Experimental investigation of the inertial effects occurring in impact tests on plastics with varying mass distribution - A. Pavan, G. Barbaglia	440
ABSTRACT	440
KEYWORDS	440
INTRODUCTION	440
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS	441
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	442
	442
First peak	442
Subsequent peaks	443
Modelization	445
CONCLUSIONS	445
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	445
REFERENCES	445
Experimental investigation on the influence of surface engineering on thermal fatigue of a hot work tool steel - A. Persson, J. Bergstrom, C. Burman, S. Hogmark	447
Experimental research on fracture and fatigue of SCT specimen simulating high-strain region of pressure vessel nozzels - X. Chen, T. Yang, W. Jin, J. Jiang, C. Cheng	454
TABLE 1	457
TEST CONDITIONS FOR FATIGUE OF SCT SPECIMEN	457
REFERENCE	459
Experimental study on effect which mechanical properties of beam materials on deformation capacity of beam/column connections - T. Nakagomi, K. Matoba, Y. Ichikawa	460
Shinshu University	460
ABSTRACT	460
REFERENCE	465
Experimental study on the effect of plastic constraint on ductile tearing - Q.-F. Li, L. Li, S.-l. Yang, P. Long, X.-T. Han, H.-G. Cao	466
Experimental validation of T* Integral - A. S. Kobayashi, S. N. Atluri	472
METHOD OF APPROACH	473
SEN and CN Specimens	473
	474
Curved Crack Growth	474
Crack Link-up	474
	475
	475
Dynamic Crack Propagation	475
CONCLUSIONS	476
REFERENCES	476
Experimental validation of T* Integral - A. S. Kobayashi, S. N. Atluri	477
Experimental-numerical analysis of mechanisms of damage initiation in tool steels - L. Mishnaevsky Jr, N. Lippmann, S. Schmauder	482
ABSTRACT	482
KEYWORDS	482
INTRODUCTION	482
SEM IN-SITU INVESTIGATIONS OF MICROMECHANISMS OF DAMAGE INITIATION	483
Conditions of Experiments	483
Figure 1. 3-point bending specimens	484
Results of the Experiments	484
	485
	485
FAILURE STRESS OF PRIMARY CARBIDES	486
Type of the steel	486
	486
CONCLUSIONS	486
References	487
Explicit modeling of damage initiation and evolution in open hole composites - E. Iarve	488
VARIATIONAL FORMULATION	489
Failure analysis of a particulate composite cutoff wheel with fiber reinforcing - T. J. Mackin, H. Inglis	494
ABSTRACT	494
KEYWORDS	494
INTRODUCTION	494
Standards	495
Abrasive Cutoff Wheel Specification	495
Operation	495
The Failure Event	495
EXAMINATION AND ANALYSIS	496
Visual Examination of Failed Wheel	496
Material Testing	496
Compact Tension Tests	496
Bending tests	497
DISCUSSION	498
Probable Failure Scenario	498
CONCLUSIONS	498
Most probable cause	498
Remedial action	499
Redesign	499
Implement Safety Procedures	499
REFERENCES	499
Failure analysis of the girth gear of an industrial ball mill - M. Mirzaei, A. Razmjoo, A. Pourkamali	500
Fatigue and fracture behaviour of a laser heat treated martensitic high-nitrogen steel - M. Heitkemper, C. Bohne, A. Pyzalla, A. Fischer	506
Fatigue and fracture of Cu-SiO2 alloys at elevated temperatures - H. Miura, T. Sakai	513
Fatigue and fracture properties of CO-FE at 150°C - E. Guglielmino, V. Filardi, S. Harris, T. Hyde	519
KEYWORDS	519
INTRODUCTION	519
CONCLUSIONS	521
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	521
REFERENCES	521
Table 1	523
Results of Fatigue Tests of Co-Fe Specimens	523
	523
Fig. 1 Co-Fe Fatigue Specimen	523
	524
Fig. 4 Schematic Diagram of the fracture showing the bifurcation	524
Fig. 7(c) Brittle facets on the fast fracture Fig. 7(d) Transition zone between fatigue and	525
surface fast fracture surfaces	525
Fatigue and hydrogen cracking in cannons with mechanical and thermal residual stresses - J. H. Underwood, A. P. Parker, E. Troiano, G. N. Vigilante, M. D. Witherell	526
J. H. Underwood1, A. P. Parker2, E. Troiano1, G. N. Vigilante1, M. D. Witherell1	526
ABSTRACT	526
Autofrettage Residual Stresses and Yielding	527
Transient Temperatures and Thermal Residual Stresses	527
Fatigue Intensity Factor versus Life	528
TABLE 2 – cannon pressure vessel fatigue life tes	529
Thermal Residual Stress Verified from Thermal Damage	529
TABLE 3 – summary of damage in a fired cannon	529
	530
	530
	530
Residual Stress Effects on Fatigue Life and Yielding	530
Fatigue behaviour of a laser beam welded Ni-base superalloy during high temperature cyclic deformation - T. Spirowski, A. Fischer, R. Saggau, H. Pries, H. Wohlfahrt	532
ABSTRACT	532
KEYWORDS	532
INTRODUCTION	532
EXPERIMENTAL	533
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	534
CONCLUSTIONS	537
REFERENCES	537
Fatigue behaviour of a micro-sized austenitic stainless steel with fine grains - G. P. Zhang, K. Takashima, M. Shimojo, Y. Higo	538
Fatigue behaviour of a pultruded glass-reinforced polymer-matrix composite material - L. B. Godefroid, W. A. Morais, G. P. Silva, J. A. Martins	544
FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF A SINGLE CRYSTALL NICKEL	544
ABSTRACT	544
KEYWORDS	544
INTRODUCTION	544
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS	545
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	546
Fatigue Test Results	546
Crack Propagation	548
CONCLUSIONS	549
REFERENCES	549
Fatigue behaviour of multiphase steels for automotive applications - L. Tosal-Martinez, J. Keichel, N. Akdut	550
Fatigue behaviours of a martensitic compressor valve stainless steel with small amount of retained austenite - G. Chai, S. Olsson, P. Liu, T. Larsson	556
FATIGUE BEHAVIOURS OF A COMPRESSOR	556
VALVE STAINLESS STEEL WITH SMALL	556
AMOUNT OF RETAINED AUSTENITE	556
INTRODUCTION	556
RESULTS	558
Microstructure	558
Residual Stress and Damping Capacity	558
Fatigue Strengths	559
DISCUSSION	559
Precipitation Strengthening	559
CONCLUDING REMARKS	561
Fatigue crack growth acceleration effects under helicopter loading spectra - V. Zitounis, P. E. Irving, D. Matthew, R. Cook, S. Jenkins	562
Reference No: ICF100434OR	562
ABSTRACT	562
KEYWORDS	562
Fatigue, crack growth, load spectra, acceleration, underloads	562
INTRODUCTION	562
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE	563
	563
TABLE 1	563
NOMINAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE Ti-10-2-3 TEST MATERIAL	563
	564
RESULTS	564
TABLE 2	565
ACCELERATION FACTOR ? OBSERVED IN VARIOUS TESTS	565
Test condition	565
DISCUSSION	565
Conclusions	567
Acknowledgements	567
REFERENCES	567
Fatigue crack growth behaviour of micro-sized specimens prepared from amorphous alloy thin films - K. Takashima, Y. Higo, M. V. Swain	568
Fatigue crack growth in ferroelectrics driven by cyclic electronic loading - D. Fang, B. Liu, Z. hang, K. C. Hwang	574
ABSTRACT	574
KEYWORDS	574
INTRODUCTION	574
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE	575
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	575
	575
A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CRACK GROWTH RATE	577
CONCLUSIONS	579
REFERENCES	579
Fatigue crack growth predictions in AA 5083 and AA 2024 using a simple geometric model - T. Riemslag, K. van Kranenburg, S. Benedictus-de Vries, F. Veer, J. Zuidema	580
FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH PREDICTIONS IN AA 5083 AND AA 2024 USING A SIMPLE GEOMETRIC MODEL.	580
Abstract	580
Keywords	580
Introduction	580
Experiments	581
Results	582
Crack closure relations	582
The geometric crack growth prediction model	582
Result of the prediction	583
Underloads in AA 2024	584
A possible explanation of the change in slope.	584
Conclusions	585
References	585
Fatigue crack growth under simple variable amplitude load sequences - L. P. Borrego, J. M. Ferreira, J. M. Costa	586
ABSTRACT	586
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	591
Fatigue crack growth with tensile residual stresses - Y. Prawoto, R. A. Winholtz	592
1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri	592
Material and Specimen Preparation	593
Fatigue Crack Propagation Measurements	594
Plastic Zone Size Measurements	594
Plastic Zone Measurements	595
	597
REFERENCES	597
Fatigue crack initiation (FCI) life prediction for a flat plate with a central hole - T.-L. Teng, C.-C. Liang, P.-H. Chang	598
Fatigue crack initiation and propagation from reinforcement fiber ends for Ti-alloy matrix composites - K. Hirano, S. Miyake, H. Yoshida	604
Kazumi HIRANO 1, Hiroyuki YOSHIDA 2 and Shinji MIYAKE 2	604
ABSTRACT	604
	604
INTRODUCTION	604
MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE	605
	605
Materials and Test Specimens	605
Experimental Procedure	605
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS	605
Analysis for Reinforcement Fiber Ends Specimen and Fatigue Lives Prediction	608
Fatigue crack propagation limit curves for metallic and non-metallic materials - J. Lukacs	610
ORAL/POSTER REFERENCE: ICF100424OR	610
FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION LIMIT CURVES FOR	610
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Miskolc	610
ABSTRACT	610
	610
	610
	610
INTRODUCTION	610
EXPERIMENTS	610
TABLE 1	611
Mechanical properties of the tested metallic materials and weld metals	611
Material	611
DETERMINATION OF FATIGUE DESIGN LIMIT CURVES	611
	614
	614
TABLE 4	614
Details of determined fatigue crack propagation limit curves for metallic materials	614
DISCUSSION	614
CONCLUSIONS	615
	615
	615
	615
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	615
REFERENCES	615
Fatigue crack propagation of dissimilar metal welds - C. S. Kusko, J. N. DuPont, A. R. Marder, S. Spooner	616
Residual Stress	617
Nelson, T., Lippold, J., and Mills, M. (1998). Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 3, 249-255.	618
4. Ornath, F., Soudry, J., Weiss, B.Z., and Minkoff, I. (1981). Welding Journal. 60, 227s-231s.	619
Faber, G. and Gooch, T. (1982). Welding in the World. 20, 87-98.	619
Pan, C., Wang, R., Gui, J., and Shi, Y. (1990). Journal of Materials Science. 25, 3281-3285.	619
Pohle, C. (1991) Welding International. 5, 409-413.	619
Fatigue damage and compressive residual strength of a woven PMC subjected to cyclic hygrothermal conditioning - M. G. Castelli, J. C. Thesken	622
MATERIAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS	623
FATIGUE LIFE AND MODULUS DEGRADATION RESULTS	624
RESIDUAL STRENGTH/MODULUS RELATIONSHIPS	625
CONCLUSIONS	627
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	627
REFERENCES	627
Fatigue damage and repair of 250 kN portal crane in shipyard - Z. Domazet, Z. ozina, T. Pirsic	629
ICF100208OR	629
FATIGUE DAMAGE AND REPAIR OF	629
ABSTRACT	629
INTRODUCTION	629
MEASUREMENT OF STRESSES, COD AND ACCELERATION	630
FEM ANALYSIS	631
REPAIR PROCEDURE	632
REFERENCES	633
Fatigue damage in advanced polymer matrix composites - H. E. Carroll, T. J. Mathams, D. M. Knowles, A. J. Davies	634
FATIGUE DAMAGE IN ADVANCED POLYMER	634
ABSTRACT	634
KEYWORDS	634
INTRODUCTION	634
EXPERIMENTAL	635
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	636
	636
Static Results	636
Tensile fatigue tests	636
CONCLUSIONS	639
REFERENCES	639
Fatigue damage in unidirectional laminate composites under constant stress and constant strain loading conditions: a comparative study - N. Bonora, M. Newaz	640
Fatigue fracture plane direction assessment through the weight function method - A. Carpinteri, A. Karolczuk, E. Macha	645
KEYWORDS	645
INTRODUCTION	645
AVERAGING PROCEDURE	646
RESULTS OF THE SIMULATION CALCULATIONS	647
TABLE 1MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE TESTED MATERIALS	648
	648
Cast irons GGG40 and GTS45	648
TABLE 3CALCULATION RESULTS FOR CAST IRON GTS45 [18]	648
	648
Steel 18G2A	648
TABLE 4CALCULATION RESULTS FOR 18G2A STEEL [19]	648
ANALYSIS OF THE CALCULATION RESULTS	649
TABLE 5.ABSOLUTE VALUES OF MEAN ERRORS (IN [RAD]) IN DETERMINATION OF FATIGUE FRACTURE PLANE POSITIONS ACCORDING TO THREE WEIGHT FUNCTIONS	649
CONCLUSIONS	650
REFERENCES	650
Fatigue life calculation of fillet-rolled components at axial cyclic loading - M. Richter, T. Seeger	651
Fatigue life extension of austenitic stainless steel using nano-sized-martensites formed at intersections of dislocations - T. Inamura, M. Shimojo, K. Takashima, Y. Higo	657
Fatigue of steel structures - P. Broz	663
Fatigue damage in thin-walled steel girders	663
The webs of the plate and box girders of steel bridges and like structures are subject to many times repeated loading; consequently, being usually slender, they exhibit many times repeated buckling, this process being now named web breathing. In is in th	663
Metal fatigue considerations	666
Construction	667
Fatigue Prediction of the Life time of screw on a large range of mean stresses - A. Duval, P. Robinet, F. Trivaudey, P. Delobelle	669
Fatigue reliability evaluation and fracture analysis at elevated temperature related to safety guarantee of industrial use Pt alloy - S. Hitomi, H. Suzuki, M. Nakamura	675
ABSTRACT	675
KEYWORDS	675
INTRODUCTION	675
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE	675
RESULTS AND CONSIDERATION	676
	676
S-N chart	676
SEM observation and analysis of the specimen done fatigue breakdown at 1073K	676
The elucidation of the failure mechanism by the surface observation	677
SEM observation and analysis of the specimen done fatigue breakdown at 293K	677
CONCLUSIONS	678
REFERENCES	678
Fatigue strength and fracture mechanism of silicon nitrides studied by AE waveform simulation - A. Yonezu, T. Ogawa, M. Takemoto	679
ABSTRACT	679
KEYWORDS	679
INTRODUCTION	679
MATERIAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES	680
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	681
CONCLUSIONS	683
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	684
REFERENCES	684
Fatigue-creep interactions in solder alloys - J. E. Moffatt, W. J. Plumbridge	685
Abstract	685
1 Introduction	685
3 Results	686
4 Discussion	689
5 Conclusions	690
6 References	690
FEM simulation of mixed mode crack propagation induced by hydraulic fracturing - K. Sato, M. Itaoka, T. Hashida	691
Fiducial marks as a measure of thin film crack arrest toughness - A. Volinsky, M. L. Kottke, I. S. Adhihetty, W. Gerberich	697
ORAL REFERENCE: ICF100572OR	697
FIDUCIAL MARKS AS MEASURES OF THIN FILM CRACK ARREST TOUGHNESS	697
ABSTRACT	697
KEYWORDS	697
INTRODUCTION	697
	698
	698
CRACK ARREST (FIDUCIAL) MARKS	698
CARBON CONTAMINATION SOURCE	700
REFERENCES	701
Finite deformation energy release rate computations in a steady rolling tire - S. Govindjee	703
First principles molecular dynamics calculation on the tensile strength of Ai grain boundary - G. H. Lu, M. Kohyama, R. Yamamoto	709
TABLE 1	712
First-principle and classical molecular dynamics study on tensile and shear strength of silicon nitride - S. Ogata, H. Kitagawa, N. Hirosaki	715
First-principles calculations of the tensile strength and fracture of coincidence tilt boundaries in SiC - M. Kohyama	721
Flow and fracture of free-standing metallic thin films and multilayers - F. Spaepen, H. Huang	727
Flow and Fracture of Free-Standing Thin Films and Multilayers	727
Haibo Huang, Denis Y.W. Yu and Frans Spaepen	727
	727
ABSTRACT	727
Free-standing polycrystalline films of Ag, Cu and Ag/Cu multilayers were tested in tension using an optical diffraction grating for the measurement of the strain. The yield stress and the rate of work hardening both increase strongly with decreasing laye	727
KEYWORDS	727
INTRODUCTION	727
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS	728
Yield stress	729
Work hardening	731
Fracture and ductility	731
CONCLUSION	732
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	732
REFERENCES	732
Flowstress of steel at large strains and high strain rates - G. Pape, M. Janssen, A. Bakker	734
High Strain Rate Testing	735
Image Processing	736
	736
Flow Curves at Low Strain Rates	736
Flow Curves at High Strain Rates	737
CURVE FIT OF FLOW STRESS FOR SEVERAL STRAIN RATES	738
Fluid-structure interaction related aspects during the grouting of cracks in concrete - H. N. Linsbauer	740
KEYWORDS	740
INTRODUCTION	740
	741
Figure 1: Scheme of the fluid-structure interaction process	741
Figure 2: Pressure development in an open ‘gap’	743
Figure 3: Radial crack system - wedge shaped geometry	744
a) pressure development	744
b) associated Stress Intensity Factor	744
REFERENCES	745
Foreign object damage and high-cycle fatigue thresholds in Ti-6-6Al-4V - J. O. Peters, B. L. Boyce, J. M. McNaney, R. O. Ritchie	746
J. O. Peters**, B. L. Boyce, J. M. McNaney and R. O. Ritchie	746
ABSTRACT	746
KEYWORDS	746
INTRODUCTION	746
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES	747
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	748
Fatigue properties	748
Threshold conditions based on the Kitagawa diagram	749
Laser Shock Peening	749
	749
	749
	749
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS	749
Formal considerations about fracture: nucleation and growth - J. P. Sethna	752
Formation and evaluation of HAp films by electrochemical method - S. Ozone, Y. Kimura	758
Formation of hierarchial ordered crack systems at fracture - R. V. Goldstein, N. M. Osipenko	764
ICF100340OR	764
CRACK SYSTEMS AT FRACTURE	764
R. V. Goldstein and N. M. Osipenko	764
A new approach for identifying the heat sources in two dimensional potential problems using the discrete integral method - H. Kisu, Y. Kondo, G. Rong	770
Formation of TiO2* thin film by ion-beam-mixing method and its application as the corrosion protecting film - Y. Kimura, H. Saito	776
ORAL REFERENCE:ICF100266OR	776
Yuji KIMURA1 and Hirotsugu SAITO1	776
1 Dept. of Materials Science and Technology, Kogakuin University,	776
Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-8677, Japan	776
kimura@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp	776
ABSTRACT	776
One of the n-type semiconductor materials of TiO2 has been expected to be used as photo-catalytic media in these days. A lot of studies have been conducted for applying TiO2 film to anti-bacterium, water decomposing, anti-stain and deodorant coatings. Th	776
KEYWORDS	776
INTRODUCTION	776
Thin film coatings toward various types of materials such as metal and organic compound have been used for protecting substrate surface from harsh environment or adding a lot of functions to them [1]. However, nanometric defects and cracks were always ex	776
Recently, one of the n-type semiconductor materials of TiO2 has been expected to be used as photo-catalytic media. And a lot of studies have been conducted for applying TiO2 film to anti-bacterium, water decomposing, anti-stain and deodorant coatings[3-5	776
H2O + 2h+ ? 2H+ + (1/2) O2 (1)	777
Purpose of this study is to apply coated TiO2 thin film to the corrosion protecting film of substrate metals using photocurrent obtained from UV ray irradiation. This implies the cathodic protection employing outer electric source. Therefore, even though	777
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES	777
The Specimen	777
The specimen used in this study was 0.15 µm thic	777
Figure 1:The chamber of Ion-Beam-Mixing equipment	777
Electrochemical Measurement	778
To examine the corrosion characteristics of TiO2 coated specimen, the corrosion potential measurement and the anodic polarization measurement were conducted with and without the UV ray irradiation employing automatic polarization test system shown in Fig	778
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	778
	778
Examination of the Compositions and Crystal Structure of Deposited Thin Films	778
The depth profiles of chemical composition and crystal structure of TiO2 thin film made by Ion-Beam- Mixing method was investigated by XPS. The correlation between the composition ratio O/Ti and etching time was obtained and shown in Figure 3 together wi	778
Figure 3: The composition ratio of TiO2 thin films	778
beam current. Almost of all the TiO2 thin films made by this method is confirmed that oxygen in the films decreased from surface in the depth direction, and the other element of Ti in the films increase from surface toward the depth direction. Chemical c	779
Then, the crystal structure of the coated TiO2 thin film was investigated by XRD and shown in Figure 4. From the result of crystal structure examined for thin films by X-ray Diffraction, no sharp peak strength was recognized both in Rutile structure and	779
Natural Corrosion Potentials of TiO2 Thin Films in 0.3% NaCl Aqueous Solution	779
Natural corrosion potentials of TiO2 thin coatings film were measured in 0.3% NaCl aqueous solution of 298K under the conditions of initial 2 hours without UV ray irradiation, next 2 hours with UV illumination and final 2 hours in dark again for both of	779
REFERENCES	781
Fractal and fracture mechanics analyses on fatigue fracture surfaces of metallic materials - T. Sakai, T. Sakai, A. Ueno	782
Fractal fracture surfaces and fluid displacement process in fractured rocks - T. Babadagli, K. Develi	788
ORAL REFERENCE: ICF100570OR	788
FRACTAL FRACTURE SURFACES AND FLUID DISPLACEMENT PROCESS IN FRACTURED ROCKS	788
	788
	788
ABSTRACT	788
KEYWORDS	788
INTRODUCTION	788
	789
	789
	789
Methods Applied to Measure Fractal Dimension	789
Variogram analysis	789
Roughness-length method	790
Results	791
For natural fracture surfaces:	791
For synthetic fracture surfaces:	791
Fractographic analysis of fish-eye type fatigue crack in two high strength steels - K. Mori, A. Uchiyama, Y. Yamada	794
Fractographic analysis of fish-eye type fatigue fracture	796
Fractography of S.E.N. soft soldered composite laminates made from 0.8% carbon manganese steel under plane strain conditions - M. R. Sabayo	801
M.R. SABAYO	801
ABSTRACT:	801
Fracture and creep rupture behavior of notched oxide/oxide and SiC/SiC composites - R. John, D. J. Buchanan, L. P. Zawada	808
Fracture and fatigue behaviour of toughened DRA, AI-Be, and bulk metallic glass composites - J. J. Lewandowski, J. Larose, S. Solv'yev	814
ABSTRACT	814
1.INTRODUCTION	814
Fracture and fatigue crack growth for micro sized specimens - K. Takashima, Y. Higo	822
Fracture at compression - R. V. Goldstein	828
ICF1001043OR	828
FRACTURE AT COMPRESSION	828
R. V. Goldstein	828
Fracture behavior of conductive cracks in PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramics - T. H. Wang, R. Fu, T. Y. Zhang	836
Fracture behavior of conductive cracks	836
in PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramics	836
Tian-Hong Wang, Ran Fu and Tong-Yi Zhang*	836
	836
Department of Mechanical Engineering	836
KEYWORDS	836
INTRODUCTION	836
Fracture behaviour of a corroded annular plate under a multi-axial stress state - M. Ohashi	842
Fracture behaviour of a fibre-bridged crack - X. Zhang, H.-Y. Liu, Y.-W. Mai	848
Hong-Yuan Liu 1, Xi Zhang 2, and Yiu-Wing Mai1,3	848
	848
1 Centre for Advanced Materials Technology, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia	848
2 CSIRO Petroleum, PO Box 3000, Glen Waverley, VIC 3150, Australia	848
ABSTRACT	848
Cohesive Law for Matrix Cracking	850
	850
	850
	850
	850
Finite Element Method	850
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	853
Fracture behaviour of a SiCw/6061Al alloy composite under cyclic loading - L. Wang, T. Kobayashi, Z. M. Sun, H. Toda	854
ABSTRACT	854
REFERENCES	859
Fracture behaviour of blends consisting of asymmetric styrene/butadiene block copolymers - R. Adhikari, R. Lach, G. H. Michler, R. Weidisch, W. Grellmann	860
POSTER REFERENCE: ICF100238PR	860
FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR OF BLENDS CONSISTING OF ASYMMETRIC STYRENE/BUTADIENE BLOCK COPOLYMERS	860
	860
	860
R. Adhikari1, R. Lach1, G. H. Michler1, R. Weidisch1, W. Grellmann1 and K. Knoll2	860
	860
1Institute of Materials Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg	860
D-67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany	860
ABSTRACT	860
INTRODUCTION	860
EXPERIMENTAL	861
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	861
Fracture behaviour of injection moldings with weld line - H. Hamada, K. Yamada, K. Tomari	866
ABSTRACT	866
KEY WORDS	866
INTRODUCTION	866
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	869
CONCLUSIONS	871
Fracture control in glass through lamination - F. A. Veer, S. Benedictus-de Vries, C. van Kranenburg	872
Fracture criterion for piezoelectric materials with defects based on energy density theory - A. K. Soh, D. Fang, K. L. Lee	878
Fracture evaluation of in-situ sensors for high temperature applications - S. C. Forth, A. Stroselsky	885
ABSTRACT	885
INTRODUCTION	885
Fracture in chromium: an attempt to improve ductility - R. Wadsack, R. Pippan, B. Schedler	891
ORAL REFERENCE: 100439	891
	891
ABSTRACT	891
KEYWORDS	891
INTRODUCTION	891
	892
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES	892
Tests on recrystallized samples	892
Fracture toughness investigations	892
TABLE 1	892
kic- or kq-values of recrystallized pure chromium (dp-r) in mpa(m	892
	893
	893
Bending tests	893
Tension tests	893
TABLE 2	894
tensile strengths in mpa and strains in %	894
	894
	894
Compression tests	894
The upper yield point is 402.2MPa and 183.3MPa at	894
Fatigue crack growth tests	894
Tests on pre-deformed samples	895
It had been reported [3-5] that chromium can be ductile at RT. Beside the amount of the interstitial solved impurities (N, C,...) the dislocation density plays an important role. Recrystallized chromium has been found usually brittle at RT whereas pre-	895
Pre-deformation in bending and tension	895
Pre-deformation by ECAE	895
TABLE 3	895
bending strengths ((f) in mpa and fracture bending angles ((f) after different heat treatments	895
	895
	895
	895
	895
	895
E C A E	895
DIE COMPRESSION	895
	895
	895
	895
Pre-deformation by die compression	895
	896
CONCLUSIONS	896
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	896
REFERENCES	896
Fracture in metakaolin concrete under different loading conditions - B. B. Sabir, S. Wild	897
ABSTRACT	897
KEYWORDS	897
INTRODUCTION	897
STRESS ANALYSIS	898
MATERIALS AND TESTING	899
	899
	899
TABLE 1	899
Mechanical properties	899
Results at 28 days	899
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND FRACTURE ENERGY	900
TABLE 2	900
Fracture results from CCEL specimens	900
TABLE 3	901
Fracture results from CCAL specimens	901
	901
Gc N/m	901
FRACTURE SURFACE TORTUOSITY	901
CONCLUSIONS	901
The work presented in this paper demonstrated the effectiveness of two testing systems in assessing the changes in the fracture properties of concrete due to the incorporation of metakaolin. The tests employ compact specimens that are easy to manufacture	901
REFERENCES	902
Fracture initiation and crack growth - cohesive zone modeling and stereoscopic measurements - C. R. Chen, O. Kolednik, F. D. Fischer, I. Scheider, T. Siegmund, A. Tatschl	903
ORAL/POSTER REFERENCE: ICF100409PR	903
FRACTURE INITIATION AND CRACK GROWTH – COHESIVE Z	903
	903
	903
KEYWORDS	903
REFERENCES	908
Fracture mechanical characterization of semicrystalline thermoplastics - H. H. Kausch, Ph. Beguelin, Ch. Grein, C. J. G. Plummer	909
CH 1015 – Lausanne	909
ABSTRACT	909
	910
DEFORMATION AND DAMAGE MECHANISMS AND THEIR EFFECT ON FRACTURE BEHAVIOR	910
	910
FRACTURE MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION	910
J-Integral	911
Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) analysis with plastic zone correction	912
Fracture mechanics and durability of high performance concrete - F. H. Wittmann	915
FRACTURE MECHANICS AND DURABILITY OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE	915
ABSTRACT	915
Mix A	917
	918
Mix A	918
REFERENCES	920
Fracture mechanics characterisation of epoxy resins by means of mini-compact-tension-specimens - C. Bierogel, H. Walter, W. Grellmann, H. Henning, B. Michel	921
Fracture mechanics evaluation of post yield fatigue crack initiation and propagation - G. S. Wang, A. F. Blom	926
FRACTURE MECHANICS EVALUATION OF POST YIELD FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION AND PROPAGATION	926
ABSTRACT	926
KEYWORDS	926
INTRODUCTION	926
STRIP YIELD MODEL	926
APPLICATIONS	928
CONCLUSIONS	930
REFERENCES	931
Fracture mechanics models for the analysis of composite materials with a nonlinear matrix - A. Carpinteri, G. Ferro, G. Ventura	932
Fracture mechanism of a bainite steel in pre-cracked and notched specimens at low temperature - C. Yan, O. H. Qin, J. H. Chen	938
Fracture mechanisms for SiC fibers and SiC/SiC composites under stress-rupture conditions at high temperatures - J. A. Di Carlo, H. M. Yun, J. B. Hurst	944
ABSTRACT	944
Fracture mechanisms in B2 NiTi shape memory alloys - N. Yang	950
FRACTURE MECHANISMS IN B2 NiTi	950
ABSTRACT	950
KEYWORDS	950
REFERENCES	955
Fracture of concrete cylinders subjected to torsion - G. Lilliu, J. G. M. van Mier	956
Fracture of Ferritic Steels; the effects of the Ductile Brittle Transition on Carbides within the Plastic Zone - M. D. Coates, S. G. Roberts	962
Fracture of nanostructured FCC materials - F. Ebrahimi	968
Fracture of piezoelectric materials - T. Y. Zhang, M. H. Zhao	974
ICF100404OR	974
FRACTURE OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS	974
Tong-Yi Zhang* and Minghao Zhao	974
	974
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	974
ABSTRACT	974
	979
	979
	979
REFERENCES	979
Fracture of thermal sprayed nanostructured coatings - M. Gell, L. Shaw, E. Jordan, H. Luo, D. Goberman	980
ICF1001056OR	980
FRACTURE OF THERMAL SPRAYED	980
NANOSTRUCTURED COATINGS	980
Maurice Gell, Leon Shaw, Eric Jordan, Hong Luo and Daniel Goberman	980
ABSTRACT	980
REFERENCES	984
Fracture of vertebral bone gotten surgical screw insertion - T. Tamaki, S. Nguyen, K. Takahashi, M. Yamagata	986
Fracture predictions for ductile steel - G. Pape, M. Janssen, A. Bakker	992
Damage Predictions According to Rice and Tracey	995
Influence of the Strain Rate	996
Introduction of a Length Parameter	996
CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS	997
Fracture process of PM Ti6A14V at 20K in presence of impurities - L. Briottet, N. Scheer, D. Guichard	998
L. Briottet1, N. Scheer1 and D. Guichard2	998
ABSTRACT	998
KEYWORDS	998
Ti6Al4V, powder metallurgy, defects, fracture mechanisms	998
INTRODUCTION	998
DEFECTS DESCRIPTION	999
In625Stellite 21	999
FeNiAstroloy	999
MECHANICAL TESTS	1001
TABLE 1	1001
tensile results at 20k : total elongation for each pollution	1001
	1002
	1002
	1002
By contrast, for FeNi (Figure 6a) and Stellite (Figure 6b), the crack never propagates through the defect centre. In both cases, the Ti? brittle layer is broken perpendicularly to the loading direction and the crack pass round the centre.	1002
DISCUSSION	1002
TABLE 2	1003
main conclusions on the defects influence on damage	1003
	1003
	1003
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	1003
REFERENCES	1003
Corrosion and strength degradation of Si-based ceramics by molten salts - N. Masuda, Y. Kimura	1004
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE	1005
REFERENCES	1009
Fracture strength of ceramic nozzle blades under thermal shock conditions - T. Mikami, K. Tagashira, M. Obata	1010
ABSTRACT	1010
KEYWORDS	1010
INTRODUCTION	1010
THERMAL CYCLE CASCADE TUNNEL AND TEST NOZZLES	1011

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